Trigger Finger: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation at Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health

What is Trigger Finger?

Trigger finger is a condition that occurs when the flexor tendons in the fingers or thumb become irritated or inflamed. These tendons allow the fingers to bend, and when they are compromised, movement becomes restricted.

The condition is most commonly seen in the thumb, middle, or ring fingers, though it can affect any finger. Over time, the inflammation of the tendon causes it to thicken, leading to a nodule or lump at the base of the finger that prevents smooth tendon movement. This causes the finger to catch or lock in a bent position, sometimes requiring a snap or jerk to straighten it.

Symptoms of Trigger Finger

The symptoms of trigger finger can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but common signs include:

1. Pain and Tenderness

• Pain or tenderness at the base of the finger, typically around the palm side near the finger joint, is a hallmark symptom. This pain may worsen with movement, gripping, or making a fist.

2. Stiffness

• The affected finger may feel stiff or restricted, particularly after rest, making it difficult to perform tasks that require fine motor skills.

3. Locking or Catching

• As the condition progresses, the affected finger may catch or lock in a bent position, creating a snapping sensation when trying to straighten the finger. This can lead to the finger getting stuck and requiring manual assistance to release.

4. Swelling and Thickening

• In some cases, you may notice swelling or thickening of the tendon or the tendon sheath. This is usually visible around the base of the affected finger.

5. Limited Range of Motion

• A decrease in the ability to straighten the finger fully can occur, limiting hand function and making activities like typing, gripping, or holding objects more difficult.

Causes of Trigger Finger

While the exact cause of trigger finger is not always clear, there are several factors that can increase the likelihood of developing the condition:

1. Repetitive Hand Movements

• Repetitive gripping or forceful hand movements, especially when using the fingers to perform tasks like lifting, typing, or playing sports, can increase the risk of developing trigger finger.

2. Age

• Trigger finger is most common in adults, especially those between 40 and 60 years of age, though it can affect individuals of all ages.

3. Gender

• Women are more likely than men to develop trigger finger, especially those who have conditions like diabetes.

4. Medical Conditions

• Certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing trigger finger, including:

  • Diabetes: People with diabetes are more prone to tendon issues, including trigger finger.

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can affect the tendons in the hands and lead to trigger finger.

  • Gout: A form of arthritis that can cause inflammation in the tendons.

5. Previous Hand or Finger Injuries

• Previous trauma or injuries to the hand or fingers may increase the risk of developing trigger finger, as the tendons may be more prone to irritation and inflammation after an injury.

Diagnosis of Trigger Finger

Diagnosing trigger finger typically involves a clinical examination performed by a physiotherapist or doctor. Your healthcare provider will:

1. Physical Examination

• The healthcare provider will assess your hand and finger for signs of tenderness, swelling, and decreased mobility. They will also check for the locking or catching of the finger to confirm the diagnosis.

2. Medical History

• A thorough medical history will be taken to assess any underlying conditions, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, and to determine the presence of repetitive hand movements that may contribute to the condition.

3. Imaging Tests

• In most cases, no imaging tests are required, but in some cases, an ultrasound or X-ray may be used to rule out other conditions or to assess the extent of tendon or joint damage.

Treatment Options for Trigger Finger at Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health

At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we offer a variety of effective treatment options for managing trigger finger, focusing on reducing pain, improving mobility, and preventing further progression of the condition.

1. Physiotherapy

• Physiotherapy is an essential part of the management of trigger finger. Our expert physiotherapists can provide hands-on treatment, including manual therapy and joint mobilizations, to improve finger mobility and reduce inflammation.

• Stretching exercises and strengthening exercises for the fingers and hands will be tailored to your specific needs and aimed at improving overall hand function.

2. Splinting

• A splint may be used to immobilize the affected finger or thumb and provide rest to the tendon. Wearing a splint, especially at night, can help alleviate the tension and allow the tendon to heal.

3. Anti-Inflammatory Medications

• Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to provide longer-term relief by reducing inflammation in the tendon sheath.

4. Stretching and Exercise

• Regular stretching and strengthening exercises for the hands and fingers can help restore mobility, prevent further stiffness, and reduce the risk of recurrence. Our physiotherapists will design a personalized exercise program based on the severity of your condition.

5. Surgery (in severe cases)

• If trigger finger is not responsive to conservative treatments, surgery may be required to release the tendon from the sheath. The most common surgical procedure for trigger finger is a tendon release surgery, which is typically performed as a minimally invasive procedure.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After trigger finger treatment, recovery will vary based on the severity of the condition and the treatment methods used. If surgery is required, post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial to restore functionality and reduce the risk of recurrence.

1. Hand Exercises

• Hand exercises will be prescribed to help improve strength, mobility, and range of motion. These exercises should be performed regularly to ensure optimal recovery.

2. Scar Tissue Management

• If surgery is performed, scar tissue management techniques such as massage and stretching will be essential to improve mobility and prevent the formation of adhesions.

3. Gradual Return to Activities

• Gradually returning to activities that require hand strength and dexterity will be crucial to avoid re-injury or worsening of the condition.

Conclusion

Trigger finger can be a debilitating condition that limits hand function and causes discomfort, but with early intervention, physiotherapy, and proper care, Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health can help you manage the condition effectively. If you are experiencing symptoms such as finger stiffness, pain, or locking, contact our clinic for an assessment and personalised treatment plan to help restore optimal hand function.

For more information or to book an appointment, visit our Malaga, Noranda, or Dayton clinics or use the booking links below.