At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we provide comprehensive care to support you both before and after surgery or procedure. Learn about Ankle Fusion (Arthrodesis) surgery, including the procedure, recovery timeline, and rehabilitation. Discover how Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health can help you recover and regain mobility after surgery. Let us guide you through every step of your journey with personalised care and proven results.

Ankle Fusion (Arthrodesis): Procedure, Recovery & Rehabilitation

What is Ankle Fusion (Arthrodesis)?

An ankle fusion, also known as ankle arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure used to treat severe ankle arthritis or injuries that cannot be treated with less invasive methods. The procedure involves the removal of the damaged cartilage from the ankle joint and fusing the bones of the joint together. This creates a solid, stable joint, which helps relieve pain and improves function in the affected ankle. While the surgery eliminates the ankle's natural movement, it is often performed in patients who have not responded to other treatments like physiotherapy, medications, or orthotics.

Conditions Leading to Ankle Fusion Surgery:

• Severe osteoarthritis of the ankle.

• Rheumatoid arthritis or other forms of inflammatory arthritis.

• Post-traumatic arthritis caused by previous fractures or injuries to the ankle.

• Deformities or misalignment in the ankle joint that cause instability or pain.

• Failed previous ankle surgeries, such as failed ankle replacement.

The Procedure

1. Preoperative Preparation:

   • Before surgery, you will undergo a thorough clinical assessment, including X-rays or MRI scans, to evaluate the extent of joint damage and determine the most suitable surgical approach.

   • You may be advised to undergo prehabilitation, which involves strengthening the muscles around the ankle to optimize post-surgery recovery.

2. During the Procedure:

   • The ankle fusion surgery is performed under general anesthesia and may take several hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

   • The surgeon will remove the damaged cartilage from the ankle joint and align the tibia (shin bone) and talus (foot bone) in the correct position.

   • The bones are then held together with plates, screws, or pins to allow for fusion over time.

   • In some cases, bone grafts may be used to help the fusion process.

3. Postoperative Care:

   • After surgery, the foot and ankle will be immobilized in a cast or a boot to prevent movement and allow the bones to fuse properly.

   • You will likely stay in the hospital for 1-2 days for monitoring and pain management.

   • Pain management strategies, including medication and ice therapy, will be used to reduce discomfort during the early stages of recovery.

Healing and Recovery Time

Initial Recovery (Week 1):

• Following surgery, the focus is on pain management, swelling reduction, and keeping the foot immobilized.

• You will be advised to elevate the foot regularly and apply ice to reduce swelling.

• Non-weight-bearing is typically required for the first 6-8 weeks to ensure the bones heal correctly.

Early Recovery (Weeks 2-6):

• You will continue to avoid placing weight on the operated ankle, using crutches or a walking boot for mobility.

• Once the bones begin to heal, you may start gentle range-of-motion exercises (under the guidance of a physiotherapist) to maintain flexibility in the surrounding joints and prevent stiffness.

Intermediate Recovery (1-3 Months):

• After the initial healing period, you will begin weight-bearing exercises as advised by your surgeon or physiotherapist.

• Physical therapy will play a crucial role in restoring strength, stability, and range of motion to the affected ankle and lower limb.

Full Recovery (6-12 Months):

• Full recovery and the achievement of a solid ankle fusion typically takes 6-12 months.

• As the joint fuses, you will experience pain relief, but you may notice limited mobility compared to your pre-surgery range of motion.

• You may gradually return to low-impact activities after 6 months, but high-impact activities may be restricted.

Rehabilitation After Ankle Fusion Surgery

Rehabilitation is an essential part of the recovery process after an ankle fusion. Working with a skilled physiotherapist can help you regain strength, stability, and functional mobility in your ankle and lower limb.

1. Prehabilitation:

   • Before the surgery, your physiotherapist will help you strengthen the muscles around the ankle joint and improve flexibility. This may include exercises to increase calf and foot strength, ankle mobility, and balance.

2. Postoperative Rehabilitation:
   Phase 1: Initial Recovery (Weeks 1-6)

   • Focus will be on rest, pain control, and swelling management. Manual therapy techniques can help reduce muscle tightness in the surrounding areas.

   • Gentle range-of-motion exercises will begin after the first few weeks to keep the ankle joint mobile and reduce stiffness.

3. Phase 2: Strengthening & Mobility (Weeks 6-12)

   • As healing progresses, your rehabilitation will shift towards strengthening exercises for the calf, quadriceps, and hamstrings.

   • Balance exercises and low-impact functional movements will help restore stability and mobility.

4. Phase 3: Full Recovery & Return to Activity (3-6 Months)

   • Your physiotherapist will help you regain strength and function in your foot and ankle through progressive loading exercises.

   • Exercises will focus on improving gait, balance, and coordination.

5. Rehabilitation Gym at Palms Physiotherapy:

   • At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, our rehabilitation gym is fully equipped with specialized equipment to support your recovery after ankle fusion surgery. From resistance bands and weights to balance boards and treadmills, we have the tools you need to regain strength and mobility.

   • Our physiotherapists will design a customized rehabilitation plan to ensure your recovery is as smooth and efficient as possible.

6. Ongoing Monitoring and Support:

   • Throughout your rehabilitation, we will monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan as needed. Your physiotherapist will provide support, ensuring you are gradually increasing your activity level in a safe and controlled manner.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. How long does it take to recover from ankle fusion surgery?

• Recovery from ankle fusion typically takes 6-12 months, depending on individual healing progress and adherence to the rehabilitation program.

2. Will I have pain after ankle fusion surgery?

• Pain is expected during the initial stages of recovery, but it typically improves as the ankle heals. Once fully healed, pain relief from arthritis or injury is usually achieved.

3. Can I return to sports after ankle fusion surgery?

• After recovery, you can return to low-impact activities. However, high-impact sports like running or basketball may not be feasible due to the loss of ankle mobility.

4. Will my ankle have normal movement after surgery?

• Ankle fusion eliminates most of the natural movement in the joint, but it provides a stable, pain-free ankle that can handle everyday activities.

How Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health Can Help

At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we specialize in rehabilitation following ankle fusion surgery. Our physiotherapists work closely with you to develop a personalized rehabilitation plan that addresses your specific recovery needs. With the support of our rehabilitation gym and expert team, you’ll be able to regain strength, stability, and functionality in your lower limb.

Whether you're preparing for surgery or recovering afterward, Palms Physiotherapy is here to guide you through every step of your healing journey.

Additional Resources:

For more information on ankle fusion (arthrodesis) and related treatments, you can visit the following Australian resources:

• Australian Orthopaedic Association (AOA) – Ankle Fusion

• Royal Australian College of Surgeons – Foot & Ankle Surgery

• Better Health Channel – Ankle Fusion

We look forward to helping you recover after your ankle fusion surgery and supporting you on your journey to regain optimal mobility. Book your appointment today to start your recovery with Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health!