Cervical Radiculopathy – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Rehabilitation

What is Cervical Radiculopathy?

Cervical radiculopathy occurs when one of the nerve roots in the cervical spine (neck area) becomes compressed or irritated. These nerve roots branch out from the spinal cord and travel down the arms, providing sensation and motor control to the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands. When these nerve roots are affected, it can cause pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling sensations in the areas served by the nerve.

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae (C1-C7), and cervical radiculopathy typically occurs at the C5, C6, or C7 nerve roots. Compression of the nerve can happen due to factors like:

• Degenerative changes: As we age, the discs between the vertebrae lose hydration, leading to disc degeneration, herniation, or bulging, which can put pressure on nerve roots.

• Herniated discs: A disc may rupture or bulge, causing it to press against a nerve root.

• Bone spurs: These growths can form on the vertebrae due to degeneration and impinge on the spinal nerve roots.

• Trauma or injury: A sudden injury or impact to the neck can also lead to compression of the nerve roots.

• Spinal stenosis: A narrowing of the spinal canal, which can result from osteoarthritis, can put pressure on the nerves.

Symptoms of Cervical Radiculopathy

The symptoms of cervical radiculopathy can vary depending on which nerve root is affected, the severity of the compression, and whether other factors, like inflammation, are present. Common symptoms include:

• Neck pain: A sharp or aching pain in the neck that may worsen with certain movements or positions.

• Radiating pain: Pain that travels from the neck down the shoulder, arm, or hand, often referred to as "radicular pain."

• Numbness or tingling: A "pins and needles" sensation or loss of sensation in the arm, hand, or fingers, which may come and go.

• Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm or hand, making it difficult to perform daily tasks like lifting objects, gripping, or writing.

• Loss of reflexes: Decreased reflex responses in the arms or hands, which can be tested by a healthcare provider during a physical examination.

• Headaches: Some individuals may also experience tension-type headaches, especially at the base of the skull.

Diagnosis of Cervical Radiculopathy

Cervical radiculopathy is typically diagnosed through a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging tests. During the physical examination, your healthcare provider will assess your neck range of motion, muscle strength, reflexes, and sensory functions.

In some cases, diagnostic imaging may be recommended to confirm the presence and location of the nerve compression:

• X-rays: To check for any structural abnormalities such as bone spurs, disc degeneration, or misalignments.

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): The preferred imaging tool for soft tissue evaluation, including herniated discs or spinal stenosis, as it provides detailed images of the spinal cord, discs, and nerve roots.

• CT scan (Computed Tomography): This may also be used to get more detailed images of the spine and bone structures.

• Electromyography (EMG): To assess the electrical activity in muscles, which can help determine whether nerve compression is present and to what extent it has affected muscle function.

Treatment Options for Cervical Radiculopathy

Treatment for cervical radiculopathy depends on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying cause of nerve compression. In many cases, conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, exercise, and pain management are effective. For more severe cases, interventions such as medications or even surgery may be necessary.

Conservative Treatments:

1. Physiotherapy
   Physiotherapy is one of the most effective ways to manage cervical radiculopathy. Our physiotherapists use a combination of:

   • Manual therapy: Gentle manipulation techniques to relieve pressure on the nerve root and improve mobility.

   • Stretching and strengthening exercises: To restore neck flexibility, strengthen muscles supporting the cervical spine, and reduce the risk of future injuries.

   • Postural training: Educating you on maintaining good posture, which can alleviate neck strain and reduce nerve compression.

   • Traction therapy: In some cases, gentle traction may be used to help decompress the cervical spine and relieve pressure on the nerve roots.

2. Exercise Physiology
   Our exercise physiologists will work with you to design a personalized program aimed at improving strength, flexibility, and stability in the neck and upper back. Exercises will focus on:

   • Improving muscle tone and reducing the strain on the cervical spine.

   • Enhancing overall posture and body mechanics to prevent further injury.

   • Regaining mobility and function through controlled exercises that avoid aggravating the condition.

3. Pain Management
   In addition to physiotherapy, pain management strategies may be used to control the discomfort associated with cervical radiculopathy, including:

   • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce pain and inflammation.

   • Cervical collars or braces: Used for short periods to provide support and rest to the neck.

   • Steroid injections: In some cases, an injection of corticosteroids into the affected area may be recommended to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

4. Advanced Therapies
   At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we offer advanced treatments such as shockwave therapy and eMTT therapy, which can help stimulate healing, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation in the affected area.

Surgical Options
In rare and severe cases where conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered to relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Surgical options may include:

• Discectomy: Removal of the herniated or degenerated disc material pressing on the nerve.

• Laminectomy: Removal of part of the vertebra (lamina) to create more space for the nerve.

• Spinal fusion: A procedure where two or more vertebrae are fused together to stabilize the spine and prevent further compression of nerves.

How to Prevent Cervical Radiculopathy

While cervical radiculopathy can sometimes be caused by unavoidable factors like aging or injury, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:

• Practice good posture: Ensure that your spine is properly aligned when sitting, standing, or sleeping to reduce pressure on the cervical spine.

• Regular exercise: Engage in exercises that strengthen the muscles of the neck, shoulders, and upper back. Stretching and strengthening can prevent injuries and alleviate tension in the cervical spine.

• Ergonomic workspaces: Set up an ergonomic workstation to minimize strain on your neck during long periods of sitting or computer use.

• Take breaks: Avoid prolonged periods of sitting or repetitive movements that can strain the neck. Taking breaks and changing positions regularly can help prevent muscle fatigue and compression.

Get Professional Help for Cervical Radiculopathy Today

If you're experiencing symptoms of cervical radiculopathy, it's important to seek professional help early to prevent long-term damage. At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we offer expert care to help manage and relieve the symptoms of cervical radiculopathy.