Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Patellar Tendinopathy?

The patellar tendon plays a crucial role in the knee’s extension mechanism, enabling jumping, kicking, and running. Patellar tendinopathy occurs when this tendon becomes irritated and inflamed due to repetitive stress, leading to microscopic tears that weaken its structure.

Causes of Patellar Tendinopathy

Overuse

Patellar tendinopathy is typically an overuse injury caused by repetitive stress on the tendon. Common contributing factors include:

• Jumping Activities: Sports like basketball, volleyball, or gymnastics.

• Running: Particularly activities involving uphill or downhill terrain.

• Sudden Increases in Activity: Rapidly escalating the intensity or frequency of training.

Biomechanical Factors

• Poor Landing Mechanics: Improper technique during jumping or running can overload the tendon.

• Tight Quadriceps: Increased tension in the quadriceps places greater strain on the patellar tendon.

• Flat Feet or High Arches: Foot posture abnormalities can alter force distribution and increase stress on the knee.

Equipment and Surface

• Hard Training Surfaces: Running or jumping on concrete or other hard surfaces increases tendon stress.

• Inadequate Footwear: Worn-out or unsupportive shoes may contribute to improper load distribution.

Symptoms of Patellar Tendinopathy

The hallmark symptoms of patellar tendinopathy include:

• Pain: Localized pain and tenderness at the front of the knee, just below the kneecap.

• Stiffness: Difficulty moving the knee, especially after periods of rest.

• Swelling: Mild swelling in the affected area.

• Weakness: Reduced strength in the quadriceps, leading to difficulty in activities like jumping or squatting.

• Progressive Symptoms: Pain that initially occurs after activity but becomes constant over time.

Diagnosing Patellar Tendinopathy

Clinical Examination

A thorough evaluation is essential to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other knee conditions. This may include:

• Palpation: Checking for tenderness along the patellar tendon.

• Functional Testing: Assessing pain levels during movements like jumping, squatting, or stair climbing.

Imaging Studies

• Ultrasound: Identifies tendon thickening and small tears.

• MRI: Provides detailed images to assess the severity of tendon damage.

Treatment for Patellar Tendinopathy

Treatment focuses on reducing pain, addressing the underlying causes, and restoring normal tendon function.

Non-Surgical Treatment

1. Activity Modification

   • Reduce or temporarily stop activities that aggravate the condition, such as jumping or running.

2. Physical Therapy

   • Eccentric Exercises: Strengthening exercises that emphasize the controlled lowering phase to rebuild tendon resilience.

   • Stretching: Targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles to alleviate tension on the patellar tendon.

   • Load Management: Gradually increasing activity levels under the guidance of a physiotherapist.

3. Pain Management

   • Ice Therapy: Apply ice packs for 15–20 minutes post-activity to reduce inflammation.

   • Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to manage pain.

4. Supportive Devices

   • Knee Straps or Taping: Reduce strain on the patellar tendon during activity.

Advanced Interventions

• Shockwave Therapy: Stimulates healing in chronic tendinopathy cases.

• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: Promotes tissue regeneration and recovery.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is rarely required but may be considered for severe, chronic cases that do not respond to conservative treatments.

Recovery and Prognosis

• Mild Cases: Recovery may take 6–8 weeks with consistent treatment.

• Chronic Cases: Long-term rehabilitation (3–6 months) may be necessary for full recovery.

With appropriate care, most individuals can return to their regular activities without lingering symptoms.

Preventing Patellar Tendinopathy

While not all cases are preventable, the following strategies can reduce the risk:

• Strengthening Exercises: Build resilience in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves.

• Proper Warm-Up: Prepare the knee for activity with dynamic stretches and light aerobic exercise.

• Gradual Training Progression: Avoid sudden increases in workout intensity or volume.

• Supportive Footwear: Choose shoes that provide adequate cushioning and arch support.

If you’re experiencing knee pain or suspect patellar tendinopathy, our expert team at Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health can help. Book your appointment today to begin your personalized recovery plan!