Facet Joint Arthritis / Arthropathy: Understanding, Managing, and Treating the Condition

What is Facet Joint Arthritis / Arthropathy?

Facet joint arthritis occurs when the cartilage covering the facet joints deteriorates over time, leading to joint inflammation, stiffness, and pain. These joints are vital for spinal stability and flexibility, and their degeneration can significantly impact daily activities.

Causes of Facet Joint Arthritis

Several factors contribute to the development of facet joint arthritis, including:

• Aging: Natural wear and tear on the joints over time.

• Repetitive Strain: Activities that place excessive stress on the spine.

• Injury or Trauma: Accidents or spinal injuries can accelerate joint degeneration.

• Spinal Instability: Conditions like disc degeneration increase stress on the facet joints.

• Genetics: A family history of arthritis may increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of Facet Joint Arthritis

The symptoms of facet joint arthritis can vary depending on the affected region of the spine:

• Cervical (Neck):

  • Neck pain radiating to the shoulders or upper back.

  • Stiffness and reduced range of motion.

• Thoracic (Mid-Back):

  • Localized mid-back pain.

  • Pain aggravated by twisting or bending.

• Lumbar (Lower Back):

  • Lower back pain radiating to the buttocks or thighs.

  • Increased discomfort with prolonged standing or backward bending.

Diagnosing Facet Joint Arthritis

A comprehensive diagnosis typically involves:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination:

   • Identifying pain patterns, triggers, and range of motion limitations.

   • Examining spinal posture and alignment.

2. Imaging Studies:

   • X-rays: To detect degenerative changes in the facet joints.

   • MRI Scans: For a detailed view of soft tissues and cartilage loss.

   • CT Scans: To assess the bone structure of the joints.

3. Diagnostic Injections:

   • Facet Joint Block: An injection of anesthetic into the facet joint to confirm it as the pain source.

Treatment Options for Facet Joint Arthritis

Non-Surgical Treatments

1. Physiotherapy:

   • Manual therapy and mobilizations to alleviate stiffness.

   • Tailored exercises to improve spinal strength and flexibility.

2. Exercise Physiology:

   • Core stabilization and strengthening programs.

   • Postural correction exercises.

3. Advanced Therapies:

   • Shockwave Therapy: Reduces inflammation and stimulates healing.

   • eMTT Therapy: Non-invasive treatment for chronic pain.

4. Pain Relief Strategies:

   • Heat or cold application to soothe sore joints.

   • Ergonomic modifications to reduce daily stress on the spine.

Medications

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): To alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

• Muscle Relaxants: To ease muscle tension around the affected area.

Interventional Treatments

• Facet Joint Injections: Steroid injections to manage inflammation and pain.

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): A minimally invasive procedure that targets and deactivates pain-transmitting nerves.

Surgical Options

Surgery is rarely required but may be considered in severe cases where conservative methods fail. Options include:

• Spinal Fusion: Stabilizing the affected vertebrae.

• Laminectomy: Relieving pressure on the nerves by removing part of the vertebra.

Self-Care and Prevention Tips

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reduces stress on spinal joints.

• Stay Active: Regular low-impact exercises, such as swimming or walking, to maintain mobility.

• Practice Good Posture: Use ergonomic furniture and avoid slouching.

• Avoid Prolonged Inactivity: Take frequent breaks from sitting or standing.

• Lift Objects Safely: Use proper techniques to minimize strain on the back.

Why Choose Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health?

At Palms Physiotherapy & Allied Health, we provide expert care for facet joint arthritis using state-of-the-art facilities, including a rehabilitation gym, sensory room, and kids therapy gym. Our multidisciplinary team of physiotherapists, exercise physiologists, and allied health professionals collaborates to create personalized treatment plans that focus on achieving long-term relief and improved function.